Dechlorination of lindane, dieldrin, tetrachloroethane, trichloroethene, and PVC in subcritical water

被引:81
作者
Kubátová, A [1 ]
Lagadec, AJM [1 ]
Hawthorne, SB [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ N Dakota, Energy & Environm Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1021/es011186k
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Pure water has been used to dechlorinate aliphatic organics without the need for catalysts or other additives. Dehydrohalogenation (loss of HCI with the formation of a double bond) occurred at temperatures as low as 105-200 degreesC for 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, lindane (1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma-isomer), and dieldrin (1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-endo, exo-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene). Complete loss of the parent compounds was achieved in less than I h at 150, 200, and 300 degreesC for 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, lindane, and dieldrin, respectively. The initial dechlorination of lindane had an activation energy of 84 W mol(-1) with an Arrhenius pre-exponential factor of 1.5 x 10(6) s(-1). Dehydrohalogenation of lindane formed trichlorobenzenes, followed by subsequent hydrolysis and hydride/chloride exchange to form chlorophenols, lower chlorobenzenes, and phenol as the major final product. Reaction of poly(vinyl chloride) at 300 degreesC for 1 h formed aromatic hydrocarbons ranging from benzene to anthracene and a char residue with a ca. 1:1 carbon-to-hydrogen ratio (mol/mol). The residue contained <1 wt % of chlorine compared to 57 wt % chlorine in the original polymer. All compounds tested yielded chloride ion as the major product (at higher temperatures), indicating that complete dechlorination of some aliphatic organochlorines may be feasible.
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页码:1337 / 1343
页数:7
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