High-throughput roll-to-roll X-ray characterization of polymer solar cell active layers

被引:27
作者
Bottiger, Arvid P. L. [1 ]
Jorgensen, Mikkel [1 ]
Menzel, Andreas [1 ]
Krebs, Frederik C. [1 ]
Andreasen, Jens W. [1 ]
机构
[1] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Energy Convers & Storage, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
基金
新加坡国家研究基金会;
关键词
SCATTERING; EVOLUTION; FILMS;
D O I
10.1039/c2jm34596j
中图分类号
O64 [物理化学(理论化学)、化学物理学];
学科分类号
070304 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Synchrotron-based X-rays were used to probe active materials for polymer solar cells on flexible polyester foil. The active material was coated onto a flexible 130 micron thick polyester foil using roll-to-roll differentially pumped slot-die coating and presented variation in composition, thickness, and additives. The coated foil was passed through a synchrotron X-ray beam on a small unit comprising unwinder and winder for the foil, an X-ray probe station, and a barcode reader for sample registration. Foil lengths of 10 meters were probed and yielded X-ray scattering data for approximately every 1 cm, probing linear variations in processing and coating parameters along the foil. The demonstration shows that real-time structural characterization of roll-to-roll coating at realistic web-speeds is feasible using synchrotron radiation. Off-line characterization with lower spatial resolution would be possible with dedicated laboratory instruments. We found that poly(3-hexyl)thiophene (P3HT) only crystallizes at a ratio above 1 : 2 with phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and that an optimum addition of 2 vol% chloronaphthalene (CN) as a processing additive significantly improves polymer crystallinity and crystallite size. In coated films thinner than 275 nm, textured poly(3-hexyl)thiophene crystallites with the lamellar stack aligned with the substrate dominate, similar to what is observed for spin-coated films.
引用
收藏
页码:22501 / 22509
页数:9
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