Molecular signatures mostly associated with NK cells are predictive of relapse free survival in breast cancer patients

Background: Recent observations suggest that immune-mediated tissue destruction is dependent upon coordinate activation of immune genes expressed by cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Methods: Here, we performed a retrospective pilot study to investigate whether the coordinate expression of molecular signature mostly associated with NK cells could be used to segregate breast cancer patients into relapse and relapse-free outcomes. Results: By analyzing primary breast cancer specimens derived from patients who experienced either 58-116 months (similar to 5-9 years) relapse-free survival or developed tumor relapse within 9-76 months (similar to 1-6 years) we found that the expression of molecules involved in activating signaling of NK cells and in NK cells: target interaction is increased in patients with favorable prognosis. Conclusions: The parameters identified in this study, together with the prognostic signature previously reported by our group, highlight the cooperation between the innate and adaptive immune components within the tumor microenvironment.