Ultrafast soft X-ray scattering and reference-enhanced diffractive imaging of weakly scattering nanoparticles

被引：16

作者：

Boutet, Sebastien ^{[1
,3
]}

Bogan, Michael J. ^{[2
]}

Barty, Anton ^{[2
]}

Frank, Matthias ^{[2
]}

Benner, W. Henry ^{[2
]}

Marchesini, Stefano ^{[2
,4
]}

Seibert, M. Marvin ^{[3
]}

Hajdu, Janos ^{[1
,3
]}

Chapman, Henry N. ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Linac Coherent Light Source, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA

[2] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA

[3] Uppsala Univ, Lab Mol Biophys, Inst Cell & Mol Biol, S-75124 Uppsala, Sweden

[4] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

来源：

JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA | 2008年 / 166卷

基金：

加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会;

关键词：

Soft-X-ray free-electron-laser; Spherical nanoparticles; X-ray diffractive imaging;

D O I：

10.1016/j.elspec.2008.06.004

中图分类号：

O433 [光谱学];

学科分类号：

0703 ; 070302 ;

摘要：

We report the first successful reconstruction of the real space image from coherent X-ray diffraction patterns of membrane-supported nanoparticles using single ultrafast pulses. The particles consisted of 145-nm spherical polystyrene spheres that were size-selected by differential mobility analysis. We investigated the dependence of signal intensity on the number of spherical nanoparticles irradiated by single ultrafast pulses at the FLASH FEL facility. We demonstrate detection of as few as two 145-nm diameter particles irradiated by a single 32 nm fs-long FLASH pulse focused to 2.4Jcm(-2). In this case the noise in the diffraction pattern. due to photon-counting statistics and scattering from the supporting silicon nitride membrane, was the largest contributor to the recorded intensity. We were able to reconstruct high-resolution images of the nanoparticles using a strong scattering reference object to aid the phase retrieval of the coherent diffraction pattern. This method of reference-enhanced diffractive imaging may allow the imaging of weakly scattering objects at FLASH and other future X-ray FEL sources. Published by Elsevier B.V.

引用

页码：65 / 73

页数：9

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