Holocene thermal maximum in the western Arctic (0-180°W)

被引:634
作者
Kaufman, DS [1 ]
Ager, TA
Anderson, NJ
Anderson, PM
Andrews, JT
Bartlein, PJ
Brubaker, LB
Coats, LL
Cwynar, LC
Duvall, ML
Dyke, AS
Edwards, ME
Eisner, WR
Gajewski, K
Geirsdóttir, A
Hu, FS
Jennings, AE
Kaplan, MR
Kerwin, MN
Lozhkin, AV
MacDonald, GM
Miller, GH
Mock, CJ
Oswald, WW
Otto-Bliesner, BL
Porinchu, DF
Rühland, K
Smol, JP
Steig, EJ
Wolfe, BB
机构
[1] No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA
[2] No Arizona Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA
[3] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO USA
[4] Univ Loughborough, Dept Geog, Loughborough, Leics, England
[5] Univ Washington, Quaternary Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
[6] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
[7] Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
[8] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
[9] No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA
[10] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, Fredericton, NB E3B 6E1, Canada
[11] Bates Coll, Dept Geol, Lewiston, ME 04240 USA
[12] Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
[13] Univ Trondheim, Inst Geog, Trondheim, Norway
[14] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH USA
[15] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
[16] Univ Iceland, Dept Geosci, Reykjavik, Iceland
[17] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
[18] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
[19] Univ Denver, Dept Geog, Denver, CO USA
[20] Russian Acad Sci, NE Interdisciplinary Sci Res Inst, Magadan, Russia
[21] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA
[22] Univ S Carolina, Dept Geog, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
[23] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA
[24] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Geog, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA
[25] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
[26] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
D O I
10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.09.007
中图分类号
P9 [自然地理学];
学科分类号
0705 ; 070501 ;
摘要
The spatio-temporal pattern of peak Holocene warmth (Holocene thermal maximum, HTM) is traced over 140 sites across the Western Hemisphere of the Arctic (0-180degreesW; north of similar to60degreesN). Paleoclimate inferences based on a wide variety of proxy indicators provide clear evidence for warmer-than-present conditions at 120 of these sites. At the 16 terrestrial sites where quantitative estimates have been obtained, local HTM temperatures (primarily summer estimates) were on average 1.6+/-0.8degreesC higher than present (approximate average of the 20th century), but the warming was time-transgressive across the western Arctic. As the precession-driven summer insolation anomaly peaked 12-10ka (thousands of calendar years ago), warming was concentrated in northwest North America, while cool conditions lingered in the northeast. Alaska and northwest Canada experienced the HTM between ca 11 and 9 ka, about 4000 yr prior to the HTM in northeast Canada. The delayed warming in Quebec and Labrador was linked to the residual Laurentide Ice Sheet, which chilled the region through its impact on surface energy balance and ocean circulation. The lingering ice also attests to the inherent asymmetry of atmospheric and oceanic circulation that predisposes the region to glaciation and modulates the pattern of climatic change. The spatial asymmetry of warming during the HTM resembles the pattern of warming observed in the Arctic over the last several decades. Although the two warmings are described at different temporal scales, and the HTM was additionally affected by the residual Laurentide ice, the similarities suggest there might be a preferred mode of variability in the atmospheric circulation that generates a recurrent pattern of warming under positive radiative forcing. Unlike the HTM, however, future warming will not be counterbalanced by the cooling effect of a residual North American ice sheet. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:529 / 560
页数:32
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