Cumulative human impacts on marine predators

被引：228

作者：

Maxwell, Sara M. ^{[1
,2
,3
,4
]}

Hazen, Elliott L. ^{[4
,5
,6
]}

Bograd, Steven J. ^{[5
]}

Halpern, Benjamin S. ^{[7
,8
]}

Breed, Greg A. ^{[9
]}

Nickel, Barry ^{[10
]}

Teutschel, Nicole M. ^{[11
]}

Crowder, Larry B. ^{[3
,4
]}

Benson, Scott ^{[12
]}

Dutton, Peter H. ^{[13
]}

Bailey, Helen ^{[14
]}

Kappes, Michelle A. ^{[11
]}

Kuhn, Carey E. ^{[15
]}

Weise, Michael J. ^{[16
]}

Mate, Bruce ^{[17
]}

Shaffer, Scott A. ^{[18
]}

Hassrick, Jason L. ^{[11
]}

Henry, Robert W. ^{[6
]}

Irvine, Ladd ^{[17
]}

McDonald, Birgitte I. ^{[19
]}

Robinson, Patrick W. ^{[11
]}

Block, Barbara A. ^{[3
,4
]}

Costa, Daniel P. ^{[11
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA

[2] Marine Conservat Inst, Glen Ellen, CA 95442 USA

[3] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Dept Biol, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA

[4] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA 93940 USA

[5] NOAA, Div Environm Res, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA

[6] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA

[7] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA

[8] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England

[9] Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA 01366 USA

[10] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Integrated Spatial Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA

[11] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA

[12] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA

[13] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA

[14] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA

[15] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA

[16] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA

[17] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA

[18] San Jose State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, San Jose, CA 95192 USA

[19] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA

来源：

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | 2013年 / 4卷

关键词：

ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA; OCEAN; FISHERIES; CLIMATE; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; HOTSPOTS; ECOLOGY; HABITAT;

D O I：

10.1038/ncomms3688

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Stressors associated with human activities interact in complex ways to affect marine ecosystems, yet we lack spatially explicit assessments of cumulative impacts on ecologically and economically key components such as marine predators. Here we develop a metric of cumulative utilization and impact (CUI) on marine predators by combining electronic tracking data of eight protected predator species (n=685 individuals) in the California Current Ecosystem with data on 24 anthropogenic stressors. We show significant variation in CUI with some of the highest impacts within US National Marine Sanctuaries. High variation in underlying species and cumulative impact distributions means that neither alone is sufficient for effective spatial management. Instead, comprehensive management approaches accounting for both cumulative human impacts and trade-offs among multiple stressors must be applied in planning the use of marine resources.

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