Mutated recombinant human glucagon-like peptide-1 protects SH-SY5Y cells from apoptosis induced by amyloid-β peptide (1-42)

Accumulation and deposition of amyloid beta peptide (A beta) in the brain causes neuronal apoptosis and eventually leads to Alzheimer's disease (AD). A therapeutic target for AD is to block the cascade reaction induced by A beta. It has been demonstrated that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which is an enclogenous insulinotropic peptide secreted from the gut, binds to its receptor in the brain and possesses neuroprotective effects. Using site-directed mutagenesis and gene recombination techniques, we generated a mutated recombinant human glucagon-like peptide-1 (mGLP-1) which has longer half-life as compared with native GLP-1. This present Work aims to examine whether mGLP-1 attenuates A beta(1-42)-mediated cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and to explore the possible mechanisms. Our data indicate that >= 0.02 ng/ml of mGLP-1 facilitated cell proliferation and 0.1 ng/ml and 0.5 ng/ml of mGLP-1 rescued SH-SY5Y cells from A beta(1-42)-induced apoptosis. Moreover, A beta(1-42) treatment dramatically stimulated the release of Ca2+ from internal calcium stores in SH-SY5Y cells, while mGLP-1 helped to maintain the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. A beta(1-42) also significantly increased the expression level of TP53 and Bax genes which are involved in apoptotic pathways, and mGLP-1 decreased A beta(1-42)-induced up-regulation of TP53 and Bax. Since mGLP-1 treatment elevated cytosolic cAMP concentration in SH-SY5Y cells, we postulate that mGLP-1 may exert its influence via binding to GLP-1 receptors in SH-SY5Y cells and stimulating the production of cAMP. These results suggest that mGLP-1 exhibited neuronal protection properties, and could potentially be a novel therapeutic agent for intervention in Alzheimer's disease. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.