High performance organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) were implemented on transparent and conductive single-wall carbon nanotube sheets. At the maximum achieved brightness of 2800 cd m(-2) the luminance efficiency of our carbon nanotube-based OLED is 1.4 cd A(-1) which is comparable to the 1.9 cd A(-1) measured for an optimized indium tin oxide anode device made under the same experimental conditions. A thin parylene buffer layer between the carbon nanotube anode and the hole transport layer is required in order to readily achieve the measured performance. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.