Calculations and experimental studies of the lineshape of the lactate doublet in PRESS-Localized H-1 MRS

Accurate quantification of NMR metabolites by spectral modeling requires assumed lineshape functions. For singlet resonances, a combination of Lorentzian and Gaussian lineshapes is sufficient, but for weakly J-coupled resonances such as lactate, more complex lineshapes are necessary. In this work, the lactate lineshape is calculated for the PRESS sequence using standard RF pulses, and compared with experimental measurements. A similar comparison is made for PRESS-localized spectroscopic imaging, in which the lineshape varies from voxel to voxel across the field of view. These observations have important implications for the quantification of lactate in experimental and human studies.