Sandwich growth of carbon nanotubes

Direct formation of structures that comprise freestanding CNTs connected to two surfaces was, thus far, not possible. In this article we report a novel approach to grow structured, highly oriented carbon nanotubes that are vertically aligned between a substrate and a massive cover. Growth is feasible at pre-determined, e.g., lithographically defined sites on metallic, semiconducting, or glass substrates. A novel, sandwiched catalyst structure and microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) led to the formation of freestanding, small diameter carbon nanotubes. Our new technology offers a simple and scalable pathway to create 3D structured nanotube-based two-terminal electronic devices, device arrays, sensors and corresponding electronic circuits. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.