Photodynamic inactivation of Bacillus spores, mediated by phenothiazinium dyes

被引:83
作者
Demidova, TN
Hamblin, MR
机构
[1] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Wellman Ctr Photomed, Boston, MA 02114 USA
[2] Tufts Univ, Sackler Sch Grad Biomed Sci, Grad Program Cell Mol & Dev Biol, Boston, MA 02111 USA
[3] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Boston, MA 02115 USA
[4] Harvard Univ, MIT, Div Hlth Sci & Technol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1128/AEM.71.11.6918-6925.2005
中图分类号
Q81 [生物工程学(生物技术)]; Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 0836 ; 090102 ; 100705 ;
摘要
Spore formation is a sophisticated mechanism by which some bacteria survive conditions of stress and starvation by producing a multilayered protective capsule enclosing their condensed DNA. Spores are highly resistant to damage by heat, radiation, and commonly employed antibacterial agents. Previously, spores have also been shown to be resistant to photodynamic inactivation using dyes and light that easily destroy the corresponding vegetative bacteria. We have discovered that Bacillus spores are susceptible to photoinactivation by phenothiazinium dyes and low doses of red light. Dimethylmethylene blue, methylene blue, new methylene blue, and toluidine blue O are all effective, while alternative photosensitizers such as Rose Bengal, polylysine chlorin(e6) conjugate, a tricationic porphyrin, and a benzoporphyrin derivative, which easily kill vegetative cells, are ineffective. Spores of Bacillus cereus and B. thuringiensis are most susceptible, B. subtilis and B. atrophaeus are also killed, and B. megaterium is resistant. Photoinactivation is most effective when excess dye is washed from the spores, showing that the dye binds to the spores and that excess dye in solution can quench light delivery. The relatively mild conditions needed for spore killing could have applications for treating wounds contaminated by anthrax spores, for which conventional sporicides would have unacceptable tissue toxicity.
引用
收藏
页码:6918 / 6925
页数:8
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