Treatment matching - Theoretic basis and practical implications

Substance abuse treatments are effective, however, cost containment is pressing providers to demonstrate selective efficacy, i.e. valid treatment matching. Studies exist to inform decisionmakers about how to best match patients to various treatments, either in terms of the theoretic modalities of treatment (e.g., dynamic psychotherapy or cognitive-behavioral therapy) or the settings in which care is delivered (e.g., inpatient versus outpatient). Data from comparative treatment studies indicate numerous patient characteristics that may be matched selectively to specific treatments. Complex matching algorithms with at least face validity are being adopted throughout the United States. Although technically difficult, treatment matching research in addictions has become sophisticated and ultimately promises a solid empirical foundation for clinical decision making.