Inhibitory Effect of Furosemide on Non-Selective Voltage-Independent Cation Channels in Human Erythrocytes

Background: Furosemide, a loop diuretic inhibiting the renal tubular Naw(+),K+,2Cl(-) cotransporter, has been shown to decrease cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+](i)) in platelets and erythrocytes. [Ca2+](i) in erythrocytes is a function of Ca2+ permeable cation channels. Activation of those channels e. g. by energy depletion or oxidative stress leads to increase of [Ca2+](i), which in turn triggers eryptosis, a suicidal erythrocyte death characterized by cell membrane scrambling. The present study was performed to explore whether furosemide influences the cation channels and thus influences eryptosis. Methods: Cation channel activity was determined by whole-cell patch clamp, [Ca2+](i) utilizing Fluo3 fluorescence and annexin V binding to estimate cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine exposure. Results: A 45 min exposure to furosemide (10 and 100 mu M) slightly, but significantly decreased cation channel activity and [Ca2+](i) in human erythrocytes drawn from healthy individuals. ATP-depletion (> 3 hours, +37 degrees C, 6 mM ionosine and 6 mM iodoacetic acid) enhanced the non-selective cation channel activity, increased [Ca2+](i) and triggered cell membrane scrambling, effects significantly blunted by furosemide (10 - 100 mu M). Oxidative stress by exposure to tert-butylhydroperoxide (0.1-1 mM) similarly enhanced the non-selective cation channels activity, increased [Ca2+](i) and triggered cell membrane scrambling, effects again significantly blunted by furosemide (10 - 100 mu M). Conclusions: The present study shows for the first time that the loop diuretic furosemide applied at micromolar concentrations (10 - 100 mu M) inhibits non-selective cation channel activity in and eryptosis of human erythrocytes. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel