Candida dubliniensis candidaemia in an HIV-positive patient in Ireland

Candida dubliniensis was first identified in Dublin in 1995 in oral isolates recovered from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. Although C. dubliniensis has been primarily recovered from the oral cavities of HIV-infected individuals, the number of reports describing its isolation from HIV-negative individuals, including cases of candidaemia, is growing. To date there has only been one report of C. dubliniensis candidaemia in an HIV-infected patient, in this case from the USA. In the present study, 2 Candida isolates recovered from blood samples were presumptively identified as C. dubliniensis on the basis of their dark green coloration on CHROMagar Candida medium and lack of growth at 45 degreesC. This identification was confirmed by carbohydrate assimilation profile analysis and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis with C. dubliniensis-specific PCR primers. Both isolates were susceptible to fluconazole. The isolates were found retrospectively to be from a single HIV-infected patient who was receiving broad-spectrum antibacterials at the time of isolation of C. dubliniensis from blood. This study represents the first documented case of C. dubliniensis bloodstream infection in Ireland and is only the second case of C. dubliniensis bloodstream infection identified in an HIV-infected individual anywhere in the world.