Bithiopheneimide-Dithienosilole/Dithienogermole Copolymers for Efficient Solar Cells: Information from Structure-Property-Device Performance Correlations and Comparison to Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione Analogues

被引:248
作者
Guo, Xugang [1 ,2 ]
Zhou, Nanjia [2 ,3 ]
Lou, Sylvia J. [1 ,2 ]
Hennek, Jonathan W. [1 ,2 ]
Ponce Ortiz, Rocio [1 ,2 ,4 ]
Butler, Melanie R. [1 ,2 ]
Boudreault, Pierre-Luc T. [1 ,2 ]
Strzalka, Joseph [5 ]
Morin, Pierre-Olivier [6 ]
Leclerc, Mario [6 ]
Lopez Navarrete, Juan T. [4 ]
Ratner, Mark A. [1 ,2 ]
Chen, Lin X. [1 ,2 ]
Chang, Robert P. H. [2 ,3 ]
Facchetti, Antonio [1 ,2 ,3 ,7 ]
Marks, Tobin J. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
[2] Northwestern Univ, Mat Res Ctr, Argonne NW Solar Energy Res Ctr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
[3] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
[4] Univ Malaga, Dept Phys Chem, E-29071 Malaga, Spain
[5] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
[6] Univ Laval, Dept Chim, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada
[7] Polyera Corp, Skokie, IL 60077 USA
关键词
LOW-BANDGAP POLYMERS; MOLECULAR-ENERGY LEVEL; SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT; INDIUM TIN OXIDE; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; N-CHANNEL; SEMICONDUCTING POLYMERS; SYNTHETIC PRINCIPLES; BUILDING-BLOCKS; RATIONAL DESIGN;
D O I
10.1021/ja3081583
中图分类号
O6 [化学];
学科分类号
0703 ;
摘要
Rational creation of polymeric semiconductors from novel building blocks is critical to polymer solar cell (PSC) development. We report a new series of bithiopheneimide-based donor-acceptor copolymers for bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) PSCs. The bithiopheneimide electron deficiency compresses polymer bandgaps and lowers the HOMOs-essential to maximize power conversion efficiency (PCE). While the dithiophene bridge progression R2Si -> R2Ge minimally impacts bandgaps, it substantially alters the HOMO energies. Furthermore, imide N-substituent variation has negligible impact on polymer opto-electrical properties, but greatly affects solubility and microstructure. Grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) indicates that branched N-alkyl substituents increased polymer pi-pi spacings vs linear N-alkyl substituents, and the dithienosilole-based PBTISi series exhibits more ordered packing than the dithienogermole-based PBTIGe analogues. Further insights into structure-property-device performance correlations are provided by a thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD)-dithienosilole copolymer PTPDSi. DFT computation and optical spectroscopy show that the TPD-based polymers achieve greater subunit-subunit coplanarity via intramolecular (thienyl)S center dot center dot center dot O(carbonyl) interactions, and GIWAXS indicates that PBTISi-C8 has lower lamellar Ordering, but closer pi-pi Spacing than does the TPD-based analogue. Inverted BHJ solar cells using bithiopheneimide-based polymer as donor and PC71BM as acceptor exhibit promising device performance with PCEs up to 6.41% and V-oc > 0.80 V. In analogous cells, the TPD analogue exhibits 0.08 V higher V-oc with an enhanced PCE of 6.83%, mainly attributable to the lower-lying HOMO induced by the higher imide group density. These results demonstrate the potential of BTI-based polymers for high-performance solar cells, and provide generalizable insights into structure-property relationships in TPD, BTI, and related polymer semiconductors.
引用
收藏
页码:18427 / 18439
页数:13
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