Patient selection for salvage cryotherapy for locally recurrent prostate cancer after radiation therapy

Purpose: Our objective was to identify clinical pretreatment factors associated with early treatment failure after salvage cryotherapy. Patients and Methods: Between 1992 and 1995, 145 patients underwent salvage cryotherapy for locally recurrent adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Treatment failure was defined as on increasing postcryotherapy serial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of more than or equal to 2 ng/mL above the postcryotherapy nadir or as at positive posttreatment biopsy, We evaluated the following factors as predictors of treatment failure: tumor stage and grade at initial diagnosis, type of prior therapy, stage and grade of locally recurrent tumor, number of positive biopsy cares at recurrence, and precryotherapy PSA level. Results: Among patients with a prior history of radiation therapy only, the 2-year actuarial disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 74% for patients with a precryotherapy PSA less than 10 ng/mL and 28% far patients with a precryotherapy PSA more than 10 ng/mL, P < .00001, The DFS rates were 58% for patients with a Gleason score of less than or equal to 8 recurrence and 29% for patients with a Gleason score greater than or equal to 9 recurrence, P < .004. Among patients with a precryotherapy PSA less than 10 ng/mL, DFS rates were 74% for patients with a prior history of radiation therapy only and 19% far patients with a history of prior hormonal therapy plus radiation therapy, P < .002. Conclusion: Patients failing initial radiation therapy with a PSA more than 10 ng/mL and Gleason score of the recurrent cancer more than or equal to 9 are unlikely to be successfully salvaged. Patients failing initial hormonal therapy and radiation therapy are less likely to be successfully salvaged than patients failing radiation therapy only. (C) 1999 by American Society of Clinical Oncology.