Cell Wall Chitosaccharides Are Essential Components and Exposed Patterns of the Phytopathogenic Oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches

被引:69
作者
Badreddine, Ilham [1 ]
Lafitte, Claude [1 ]
Heux, Laurent [2 ,3 ]
Skandalis, Nicholas [4 ]
Spanou, Zacharoula [4 ]
Martinez, Yves [1 ]
Esquerre-Tugaye, Marie-Therese [1 ]
Bulone, Vincent [5 ]
Dumas, Bernard [1 ]
Bottin, Arnaud [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, UMR 5546, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
[2] Univ Grenoble 1, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France
[3] CERMAV CNRS, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France
[4] Univ Crete, FORTH, Inst Mol Biol & Biotechnol, GR-71110 Iraklion, Crete, Greece
[5] AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Sch Biotechnol, Royal Inst Technol KTH, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
关键词
D O I
10.1128/EC.00091-08
中图分类号
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 100705 ;
摘要
Chitin is an essential component of fungal cell walls, where it forms a crystalline scaffold, and chitooligosaccharides derived from it are signaling molecules recognized by the hosts of pathogenic fungi. Oomycetes are cellulosic fungus-like microorganisms which most often lack chitin in their cell walls. Here we present the first study of the cell wall of the oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches, a major parasite of legume plants. Biochemical analyses demonstrated the presence of ca. 10% N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) in the cell wall. Further characterization of the GlcNAc-containing material revealed that it corresponds to noncrystalline chitosaccharides associated with glucans, rather than to chitin per se. Two putative chitin synthase (CHS) genes were identified by data mining of an A. euteiches expressed sequence tag collection and Southern blot analysis, and full-length cDNA sequences of both genes were obtained. Phylogeny analysis indicated that oomycete CHS diversification occurred before the divergence of the major oomycete lineages. Remarkably, lectin labeling showed that the Aphanomyces euteiches chitosaccharides are exposed at the cell wall surface, and study of the effect of the CHS inhibitor nikkomycin Z demonstrated that they are involved in cell wall function. These data open new perspectives for the development of antioomycete drugs and further studies of the molecular mechanisms involved in the recognition of pathogenic oomycetes by the host plants.
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页码:1980 / 1993
页数:14
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