The Epigenetics of rRNA Genes: From Molecular to Chromosome Biology

被引：408

作者：

McStay, Brian ^{[1
]}

Grummt, Ingrid ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Dundee, Ninewells Hosp, Biomed Res Ctr, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland

[2] DKFZ ZMBH, German Canc Res Ctr, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany

来源：

ANNUAL REVIEW OF CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY | 2008年 / 24卷

基金：

英国医学研究理事会;

关键词：

NOR; nucleolus; rDNA; RNA polymerase 1; NoRC; CSB; chromatin remodeling; histone modifications; DNA methylation; transcriptional silencing;

D O I：

10.1146/annurev.cellbio.24.110707.175259

中图分类号：

Q2 [细胞生物学];

学科分类号：

071009 ; 090102 ;

摘要：

In eukaryotes, the genes encoding ribosomal RNAs (rDNA) exist in two distinct epigenetic states that can he distinguished by a specific chromatin structure that is maintained throughout the cell cycle and is inherited from one cell to another. The fact that even in proliferating cells with a hi h demand of protein synthesis a fraction of rDNA is silenced provides a unique possibility to decipher the mechanism underlying epigenetic regulation of rDNA. This chapter summarizes our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that establish and propagate the epigenetic state of rRNA genes, unraveling a complex interplay of DNA methyltransferases and histone-modifying enzymes that act in concert with chromatin remodeling complexes and RNA-guided mechanisms to define the transcriptional state of rDNA. We also review the critical role of the RNA polymerase I transcription factor UBF in the formation of active nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) and maintenance of the euchromatic state of rRNA genes.

引用

页码：131 / 157

页数：27

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