Clustered basic residues within segment 484-510 of the factor Villa A2 subunit contribute to the catalytic efficiency for factor Xa generation

Residues 484-510 of factor (F)VIIIa A2 subunit comprise a prominent epitope for inhibitor antibodies, suggesting that this region is critical for cofactor function. To address the role of this region in catalysis, FVIIIa forms were evaluated following conversion of conserved charged residues to Ala, either in clusters or individually. The two cluster mutants, Lys496Ala/Lys499Ala/Asp500Ala and Glu507Ala/Lys510Ala, were indistinguishable from wild type. The mutation Arg489 Ala/Arg490Ala/Lys493Ala (489-3A) possessed near-normal affinity for FIXa and showed no effect on the Km for FX, but exhibited similar to3-fold and similar to30-fold reduced kcat values for FXase in the presence and absence of surface, respectively. However, the single-site mutants Arg489Ala, Arg490Ala and Lys493Ala exhibited affinity and kcat values similar to wild type. Furthermore, the 489-3A Mutant showed a marked reduction in the positive electrostatic potential within this region of A2, consistent with the hypothesis that the cumulative basic charge in this region of A2 subunit modulates cofactor function.