On the use of screen- and ink-jet printing to produce amperometric enzyme electrodes for lactate

Prototype electrochemical lactate electrodes based on lactate oxidase were produced by screen-printing and application of membranes by dip-coating or ink-jet printing. The link between enzyme and electrode was made by electro-deposition of platinum onto graphite pads. The linear range of the sensors was small; up to 2 mM lactate. Electrodes retained their activity when stored dry; activity remained high for 244 days. The properties of the electrodes indicate that screen- and ink-jet printing are feasible techniques for the machine production of lactate sensors.