Tailoring of metal cluster-like materials for the molecular oxygen reduction reaction

Research of nanometer scale range catalysts based on cluster-like mono-, bimetallic, and chalcogenides for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) as cathodes, a major challenge for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) nowadays, for facilitating, efficient electron transfer using the carbonyl chemical route is reviewed. A strategy aimed at reducing the amount of expensive catalyst materials, giving the accessibility of non-noble materials and taking into account the activity and selectivity of cathodes for the ORR is devised as well.