Climate and Skin Function: An Overview

Background: Climates of the world are diverse and produce changes in skin integrity and functioning. Evidence on skin and its response to severe climates is limited, but information can be inferred from data characterizing skin under controlled climate conditions using noninvasive bioengineering techniques. Methods: A literature search was conducted on the effects on major climate conditions on skin integrity and function. Results: Exposure of murine skin to low humidity promotes a hyperproliferative and proinflammatory response, which can be prevented with topical agents or occlusion. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and average skin temperature (T-sk) is highly sensitive to climate or ambient temperature (T-ambient). High altitudes leave skin more susceptible to UV radiation and even brief exposures cause surface changes. Pollution can result external skin aging and may be a risk factor for exacerbation of dermatoses. Conclusion: Further research is needed to understand skin properties and functioning in harsh climates to provide insight into optimal skin care for individuals living in such conditions.