The Imprint of the Extragalactic Background Light in the Gamma-Ray Spectra of Blazars

被引：207

作者：

Ackermann, M. ^{[3
]}

Ajello, M. ^{[1
,2
,4
]}

Allafort, A. ^{[1
,2
]}

Schady, P. ^{[5
]}

Baldini, L. ^{[6
,7
]}

Ballet, J. ^{[8
]}

Barbiellini, G. ^{[9
,10
]}

Bastieri, D. ^{[11
,12
]}

Bellazzini, R. ^{[13
]}

Blandford, R. D. ^{[1
,2
]}

Bloom, E. D. ^{[1
,2
]}

Borgland, A. W. ^{[1
,2
]}

Bottacini, E. ^{[1
,2
]}

Bouvier, A. ^{[14
,15
]}

Bregeon, J. ^{[13
]}

Brigida, M. ^{[16
,17
,18
]}

Bruel, P. ^{[19
]}

Buehler, R. ^{[1
,2
]}

Buson, S. ^{[11
,12
]}

Caliandro, G. A. ^{[20
]}

Cameron, R. A. ^{[1
,2
]}

Caraveo, P. A. ^{[21
]}

Cavazzuti, E. ^{[22
]}

Cecchi, C. ^{[23
,24
]}

Charles, E. ^{[1
,2
]}

Chaves, R. C. G. ^{[8
]}

Chekhtman, A. ^{[25
]}

Cheung, C. C. ^{[26
]}

Chiang, J. ^{[1
,2
]}

Chiaro, G. ^{[27
,28
]}

Ciprini, S. ^{[24
,29
]}

Claus, R. ^{[1
,2
]}

Cohen-Tanugi, J. ^{[30
]}

Conrad, J. ^{[31
,32
,33
]}

Cutini, S. ^{[22
]}

D'Ammando, F. ^{[23
,34
,35
]}

de Palma, F. ^{[16
,17
,18
]}

Dermer, C. D. ^{[36
]}

Digel, S. W. ^{[1
,2
]}

do Couto e Silva, E. ^{[1
,2
]}

Domnguez, A. ^{[14
,15
]}

Drell, P. S. ^{[1
,2
]}

Drlica-Wagner, A. ^{[1
,2
]}

Favuzzi, C. ^{[16
,17
,18
]}

Fegan, S. J. ^{[19
]}

Focke, W. B. ^{[1
,2
]}

Franckowiak, A. ^{[1
,2
]}

Fukazawa, Y. ^{[37
]}

Funk, S. ^{[1
,2
]}

Fusco, P. ^{[16
,17
,18
]}

机构：

[1] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

[2] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

[3] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany

[4] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[5] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[6] Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy

[7] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy

[8] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, CEA IRFU, Lab AIM,Serv Astrophys,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France

[9] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy

[10] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy

[11] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy

[12] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy

[13] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy

[14] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA

[15] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA

[16] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy

[17] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy

[18] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy

[19] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France

[20] CSIC, IEEE, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona 08193, Spain

[21] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy

[22] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy

[23] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy

[24] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy

[25] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA

[26] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20001 USA

[27] Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy

[28] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy

[29] ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Rome, Italy

[30] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Universe & Particules Montpellier, Montpellier, France

[31] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[32] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[33] Royal Swedish Acad Sci Res, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[34] IASF Palermo, I-90146 Palermo, Italy

[35] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[36] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA

[37] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan

[38] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[39] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy

[40] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan

[41] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[42] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan

[43] IRAP, CNRS, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France

[44] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, IRAP, GAHEC, Toulouse, France

[45] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[46] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy

[47] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[48] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[49] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan

[50] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy

来源：

SCIENCE | 2012年 / 338卷 / 6111期

关键词：

1ST STARS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; UNIVERSE; REDSHIFT; REIONIZATION; ABSORPTION; EVOLUTION; FEEDBACK; CATALOG; OPACITY;

D O I：

10.1126/science.1227160

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

The light emitted by stars and accreting compact objects through the history of the universe is encoded in the intensity of the extragalactic background light (EBL). Knowledge of the EBL is important to understand the nature of star formation and galaxy evolution, but direct measurements of the EBL are limited by galactic and other foreground emissions. Here, we report an absorption feature seen in the combined spectra of a sample of gamma-ray blazars out to a redshift of z similar to 1.6. This feature is caused by attenuation of gamma rays by the EBL at optical to ultraviolet frequencies and allowed us to measure the EBL flux density in this frequency band.

引用

页码：1190 / 1192

页数：3

共 45 条

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