Age-related differences in the course of cognitive skill acquisition: The role of regional cortical shrinkage and cognitive resources

被引:82
作者
Head, D
Raz, N
Gunning-Dixon, F
Williamson, A
Acker, JD
机构
[1] Wayne State Univ, Inst Gerontol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
[2] Univ Penn, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1037//0882-7974.17.1.72
中图分类号
R4 [临床医学]; R592 [老年病学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100203 ; 100602 ;
摘要
This study examined the impact of age-related differences in regional cerebral volumes and cognitive resources on acquisition of a cognitive skill. Volumes of brain regions were measured on magnetic resonance images of healthy adults (aged 22-80), At the early stage of learning to solve the Tower of Hanoi puzzle, speed and efficiency were associated with age, prefrontal cortex volume, and working memory. A similar pattern of brain-behavior associations was observed with perseveration measured on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. None of the examined structural brain variables were important at the later stages of skill acquisition. When hypertensive participants were excluded, the effect of prefrontal shrinkage on executive aspects of performance was no longer significant, but the effect of working memory remained.
引用
收藏
页码:72 / 84
页数:13
相关论文
共 79 条
[11]  
DAVIS HP, 1992, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY MEMO, P249
[13]   Skill acquisition in music performance: relations between planning and temporal control [J].
Drake, C ;
Palmer, C .
COGNITION, 2000, 74 (01) :1-32
[14]  
Ekstrom R. B., 1976, MANUAL KIT FACTOR RE
[15]   INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES IN WORKING MEMORY AND COMPREHENSION - A TEST OF 4 HYPOTHESES [J].
ENGLE, RW ;
CANTOR, J ;
CARULLO, JJ .
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-LEARNING MEMORY AND COGNITION, 1992, 18 (05) :972-992
[16]  
Eslinger P.J., 1996, ATTENTION MEMORY EXE
[17]   FRONTAL-LOBE AND FRONTAL STRIATAL SUBSTRATES FOR DIFFERENT FORMS OF HUMAN COGNITIVE FLEXIBILITY [J].
ESLINGER, PJ ;
GRATTAN, LM .
NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, 1993, 31 (01) :17-28
[18]   Dissociations between memory for temporal order and recognition memory in aging [J].
Fabiani, M ;
Friedman, D .
NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, 1997, 35 (02) :129-141
[19]   COGNITIVE PLANNING DEFICIT IN PATIENTS WITH CEREBELLAR ATROPHY [J].
GRAFMAN, J ;
LITVAN, I ;
MASSAQUOI, S ;
STEWART, M ;
SIRIGU, A ;
HALLETT, M .
NEUROLOGY, 1992, 42 (08) :1493-1496
[20]   A BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS OF DEGREE OF REINFORCEMENT AND EASE OF SHIFTING TO NEW RESPONSES IN A WEIGL-TYPE CARD-SORTING PROBLEM [J].
GRANT, DA ;
BERG, EA .
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1948, 38 (04) :404-411