Nitrogen losses from the soil/plant system: a review

被引:950
作者
Cameron, K. C. [1 ]
Di, H. J. [1 ]
Moir, J. L. [1 ]
机构
[1] Lincoln Univ, Ctr Soil & Environm Res, Canterbury, New Zealand
关键词
Ammonia; animal excreta; denitrification; emissions; environment; fertiliser; inhibitors; leaching; nitrate; nitrification; nitrogen; nitrous oxide; volatilisation; NITRIFICATION INHIBITOR DICYANDIAMIDE; AMMONIA-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; DAIRY SHED EFFLUENT; 3,4-DIMETHYLPYRAZOLE PHOSPHATE DMPP; NITRATE LEACHING LOSSES; SURFACE-APPLIED UREA; OXIDE EMISSIONS; NEW-ZEALAND; GRAZED GRASSLAND; N2O EMISSIONS;
D O I
10.1111/aab.12014
中图分类号
S [农业科学];
学科分类号
09 ;
摘要
Losses of nitrogen from the soil/plant system not only reduce soil fertility and plant yield but can also create adverse impacts on the environment. Ammonia emissions into the atmosphere contribute to acid rain and represent an indirect source of nitrous oxide greenhouse gas emissions. Nitrate leaching losses into rivers and lakes can cause eutrophication resulting in excessive growth of aquatic weeds and algae, which can reduce fish populations and the recreational value of the water. Nitrate contamination of drinking water supplies can cause health risks. Legislation that is designed to limit nitrate leaching losses from land has become a constraint on agricultural land use in many countries. Nitrous oxide emissions into the atmosphere contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer and also make a significant contribution to climate change. This review describes the nitrogen cycle in temperate soil/plant systems, the processes involved in each of the individual nitrogen loss pathways, the factors affecting the amounts of losses and the methods that are available to reduce these losses. The review has shown that careful management of temperate soil/plant systems using best management practices and newly developed technologies can increase the sustainability of agriculture and reduce its impact on the environment.
引用
收藏
页码:145 / 173
页数:29
相关论文
共 272 条
[11]   Nitrous oxide emissions from artificial urine patches applied to different N-fertilized swards and estimated annual N2O emissions for differently fertilized pastures in an upland location in Germany [J].
Anger, M ;
Hoffmann, C ;
KÜhbauch, W .
SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT, 2003, 19 (02) :104-111
[12]  
[Anonymous], 1998, Environmental Soil Physics: Fundamentals, Applications, and Environmental Considerations
[13]  
[Anonymous], 1984, GUID DRINK WAT QUAL, V1-3
[14]  
[Anonymous], 1982, EUTROPHICATION WATER, P154, DOI DOI 10.1002/IROH.19840690206
[15]  
Arora R. P., 1980, International Atomic Energy Agency: Soil nitrogen as fertilizer or pollutant. (Proceedings and report of a research coordination meeting Piracicaba, 3-7 July, 1978)., P3
[16]   Potential mechanisms for achieving agricultural benefits from biochar application to temperate soils: a review [J].
Atkinson, Christopher J. ;
Fitzgerald, Jean D. ;
Hipps, Neil A. .
PLANT AND SOIL, 2010, 337 (1-2) :1-18
[17]  
Baker J. L., 1994, J ENVIRON QUAL, V23, P205
[18]   Regulation of denitrification at the cellular level: a clue to the understanding of N2O emissions from soils [J].
Bakken, Lars R. ;
Bergaust, Linda ;
Liu, Binbin ;
Frostegard, Asa .
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 2012, 367 (1593) :1226-1234
[19]   Spatial variability of nitrous oxide fluxes and controlling soil and topographic properties [J].
Ball, BC ;
Horgan, GW ;
Clayton, H ;
Parker, JP .
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, 1997, 26 (05) :1399-1409
[20]  
Ball P. R., 1983, P 14 INT GRASSL C, P342