Eutrophication and harmful algal blooms: A scientific consensus

被引:1467
作者
Heisler, J. [1 ]
Glibert, P. M. [2 ]
Burkholder, J. M. [3 ]
Anderson, D. M. [4 ]
Cochlan, W. [5 ]
Dennison, W. C. [2 ]
Dortch, Q. [6 ]
Gobler, C. J. [7 ]
Heil, C. A. [8 ]
Humphries, E. [9 ]
Lewitus, A. [10 ,11 ,12 ]
Magnien, R. [13 ]
Marshall, H. G. [14 ]
Sellner, K. [15 ]
Stockwell, D. A. [16 ]
Stoecker, D. K. [2 ]
Suddleson, M. [6 ]
机构
[1] US EPA, Oceans & Coastal Protect Div, Marine Pollut Control Branch, Washington, DC 20460 USA
[2] Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA
[3] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Appl Aquat Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
[4] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
[5] San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA
[6] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA
[7] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
[8] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA
[9] Delaware Dept Nat Resources & Environm Control, Div Water Resources, Dover, DE 19901 USA
[10] Belle W Baruch Inst Marine Biol & Coastal Res, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA
[11] Univ S Carolina, Baruch Marine Lab, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA
[12] Marine Resources Res Inst, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA
[13] Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA
[14] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA
[15] Chesapeake Res Consortium, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA
[16] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA
关键词
Eutrophication; Harmful algal blooms; HABs; Management of nutrients; Nutrient loading; Nutrient composition; Nutrient pollution; US EPA; Water quality;
D O I
10.1016/j.hal.2008.08.006
中图分类号
Q17 [水生生物学];
学科分类号
071004 ;
摘要
In January 2003, the US Environmental Protection Agency sponsored a "roundtable discussion" to develop a consensus on the relationship between eutrophication and harmful algal blooms (HABs), specifically targeting those relationships for which management actions may be appropriate. Academic, federal, and state agency representatives were in attendance. The following seven statements were unanimously adopted by attendees based on review and analysis of current as well as pertinent previous data: (1) Degraded water quality from increased nutrient pollution promotes the development and persistence of many HABs and is one of the reasons for their expansion in the U.S. and other nations; (2) The composition-not just the total quantity-of the nutrient pool impacts HABs; (3) High-biomass blooms must have exogenous nutrients to be sustained; (4) Both chronic and episodic nutrient delivery promote HAB development; (5) Recently developed tools and techniques are already improving the detection of some HABs, and emerging technologies are rapidly advancing toward operational status for the prediction of HABs and their toxins; (6) Experimental studies are critical to further the understanding about the role of nutrients in HABs expression, and will strengthen prediction and mitigation of HABs; and (7) Management of nutrient inputs to the watershed can lead to significant reduction in HABs. Supporting evidence and pertinent examples for each consensus statement are provided herein. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:3 / 13
页数:11
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