PM;
Air quality;
Traffic emissions;
C-14;
Rotterdam;
The Netherlands;
ORGANIC-CARBON OC;
ELEMENTAL CARBON;
AIR-POLLUTION;
PARTICULATE MATTER;
HEALTH IMPACT;
BLACK CARBON;
PARTICLES;
VARIABILITY;
EMISSIONS;
FINE;
D O I:
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.01.032
中图分类号:
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号:
08 ;
0830 ;
摘要:
The contribution of regional, urban and traffic sources to PM2.5 and PM10 in an urban area was investigated in this study. The chemical composition of PM2.5 and PM10 was measured over a year at a street location and up- and down-wind of the city of Rotterdam, the Netherlands. The C-14 content in EC and OC concentrations was also determined, to distinguish the contribution from "modern" carbon (e.g., biogenic emissions, biomass burning and wildfires) and fossil fuel combustion. It was concluded that the urban background of PM2.5 and PM10 is dominated by the regional background, and that primary and secondary PM emission by urban sources contribute less than 15%. The C-14 analysis revealed that 70% of OC originates from modern carbon and 30% from fossil fuel combustion. The corresponding percentages for EC are, respectively 17% and 83%. It is concluded that in particular the urban population living in street canyons with intense road traffic has potential health risks. This is due to exposure to elevated concentrations of a factor two for EC from exhaust emissions in PM2.5 and a factor 2-3 for heavy metals from brake and tyre wear, and re-suspended road dust in PM10. It follows that local air quality management may focus on local measures to street canyons with intense road traffic. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机构:
Spanish Res Council ID EA CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona 08034, SpainSpanish Res Council ID EA CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona 08034, Spain
Amato, F.
;
Pandolfi, M.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Spanish Res Council ID EA CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona 08034, SpainSpanish Res Council ID EA CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona 08034, Spain
Pandolfi, M.
;
Moreno, T.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Spanish Res Council ID EA CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona 08034, SpainSpanish Res Council ID EA CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona 08034, Spain
Moreno, T.
;
论文数: 引用数:
h-index:
机构:
Furger, M.
;
Pey, J.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Spanish Res Council ID EA CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona 08034, SpainSpanish Res Council ID EA CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona 08034, Spain
Pey, J.
;
Alastuey, A.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Spanish Res Council ID EA CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona 08034, SpainSpanish Res Council ID EA CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona 08034, Spain
Alastuey, A.
;
Bukowiecki, N.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, SwitzerlandSpanish Res Council ID EA CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona 08034, Spain
Bukowiecki, N.
;
Prevot, A. S. H.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, SwitzerlandSpanish Res Council ID EA CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona 08034, Spain
机构:
Univ London, Div Community Hlth Sci, London SW17 0RE, England
Univ London, MRC HPA Ctr Environm & Hlth, London SW17 0RE, EnglandUniv London, Div Community Hlth Sci, London SW17 0RE, England
Atkinson, Richard W.
;
Fuller, Gary W.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kings Coll London, MRC HPA Ctr Environm & Hlth, Environm Res Grp, London WC2R 2LS, EnglandUniv London, Div Community Hlth Sci, London SW17 0RE, England
Fuller, Gary W.
;
Anderson, H. Ross
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ London, Div Community Hlth Sci, London SW17 0RE, England
Univ London, MRC HPA Ctr Environm & Hlth, London SW17 0RE, EnglandUniv London, Div Community Hlth Sci, London SW17 0RE, England
Anderson, H. Ross
;
Harrison, Roy M.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Birmingham, Div Environm Hlth & Risk Management, Birmingham, W Midlands, EnglandUniv London, Div Community Hlth Sci, London SW17 0RE, England
Harrison, Roy M.
;
Armstrong, Ben
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Publ & Environm Hlth Res Unit, London WC1, EnglandUniv London, Div Community Hlth Sci, London SW17 0RE, England
机构:
Spanish Res Council ID EA CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona 08034, SpainSpanish Res Council ID EA CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona 08034, Spain
Amato, F.
;
Pandolfi, M.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Spanish Res Council ID EA CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona 08034, SpainSpanish Res Council ID EA CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona 08034, Spain
Pandolfi, M.
;
Moreno, T.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Spanish Res Council ID EA CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona 08034, SpainSpanish Res Council ID EA CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona 08034, Spain
Moreno, T.
;
论文数: 引用数:
h-index:
机构:
Furger, M.
;
Pey, J.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Spanish Res Council ID EA CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona 08034, SpainSpanish Res Council ID EA CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona 08034, Spain
Pey, J.
;
Alastuey, A.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Spanish Res Council ID EA CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona 08034, SpainSpanish Res Council ID EA CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona 08034, Spain
Alastuey, A.
;
Bukowiecki, N.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, SwitzerlandSpanish Res Council ID EA CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona 08034, Spain
Bukowiecki, N.
;
Prevot, A. S. H.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, SwitzerlandSpanish Res Council ID EA CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona 08034, Spain
机构:
Univ London, Div Community Hlth Sci, London SW17 0RE, England
Univ London, MRC HPA Ctr Environm & Hlth, London SW17 0RE, EnglandUniv London, Div Community Hlth Sci, London SW17 0RE, England
Atkinson, Richard W.
;
Fuller, Gary W.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kings Coll London, MRC HPA Ctr Environm & Hlth, Environm Res Grp, London WC2R 2LS, EnglandUniv London, Div Community Hlth Sci, London SW17 0RE, England
Fuller, Gary W.
;
Anderson, H. Ross
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ London, Div Community Hlth Sci, London SW17 0RE, England
Univ London, MRC HPA Ctr Environm & Hlth, London SW17 0RE, EnglandUniv London, Div Community Hlth Sci, London SW17 0RE, England
Anderson, H. Ross
;
Harrison, Roy M.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Birmingham, Div Environm Hlth & Risk Management, Birmingham, W Midlands, EnglandUniv London, Div Community Hlth Sci, London SW17 0RE, England
Harrison, Roy M.
;
Armstrong, Ben
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Publ & Environm Hlth Res Unit, London WC1, EnglandUniv London, Div Community Hlth Sci, London SW17 0RE, England