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Nitrogen retention and plant uptake on a highly weathered central Amazonian Ferralsol amended with compost and charcoal
被引:564
作者:
Steiner, Christoph
[1
]
Glaser, Bruno
[1
]
Teixeira, Wenceslau Geraldes
[2
]
Lehmann, Johannes
[3
]
Blum, Winfried E. H.
[4
]
Zech, Wolfgang
[1
]
机构:
[1] Univ Bayreuth, Inst Soil Sci & Soil Geog, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
[2] Embrapa Amazonia Ocidental, BR-31969011 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
[3] Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
[4] Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci BOKU, Inst Soil Res, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
关键词:
biochar Brazil;
carbon;
nitrogen cycling;
slash-and-burn;
soil organic matter;
Terra Preta;
D O I:
10.1002/jpln.200625199
中图分类号:
S3 [农学(农艺学)];
学科分类号:
0901 ;
摘要:
Leaching losses of N are a major limitation of crop production on permeable soils and under heavy rainfalls as in the humid tropics. We established a field trial in the central Amazon (near Manaus, Brazil) in order to study the influence of charcoal and compost on the retention of N. Fifteen months after organic-matter admixing (0-0.1 m soil depth), we added N-15-labeled (NH4)(2)SO4 (27.5 kg N ha(-1) at 10 atom% excess). The tracer was measured in top soil (0-0.1 m) and plant samples taken at two successive sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) harvests. The IN recovery in biomass was significantly higher when the soil contained compost (14.7% of applied N) in comparison to only mineral-fertilized plots (5.7%) due to significantly higher crop production during the first growth period. After the second harvest, the retention in soil was significantly higher in the charcoal-amended plots (15.6%) in comparison to only mineral-fertilized plots (9.7%) due to higher retention in soil. The total N recovery in soil, crop residues, and grains was significantly (p < 0.05) higher on compost (16.5%), charcoal (18.1%), and charcoal-plus-compost treatments (17.4%) in comparison to only mineral-fertilized plots (10.9%). Organic amendments increased the retention of applied fertilizer N. One process in this retention was found to be the recycling of N taken up by the crop. The relevance of immobilization, reduced N leaching, and gaseous losses as well as other potential processes for increasing N retention should be unraveled in future studies.
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页码:893 / 899
页数:7
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