Analysis of Berkovich indentation

The Berkovich indentation test is analysed numerically, using the finite element method, and experimentally. The results derived are pertinent to indentation of elastic materials and metals and include universal formulae for the load-indentation depth relation and the hardness, as well as a detailed study of the mechanical fields involved at loading acid unloading. Large strain elastic and elastoplastic results are compared with small strain ones and similarities, as well as differences, are discussed in some detail. Special attention is given to a comparison between the characteristics of Berkovich indentation and the Vickers hardness test. The accuracy of relevant formulae for determining the elastic stiffness during the unloading process is checked. Experiments are performed both on the nano- and microscale. Numerical and experimental findings are compared in detail, especially as regards bulk results.