A major metabolic activity which occurs in the eukaryotic cell nucleus is the synthesis of ribosomes. In fact, most of the steps in ribosome synthesis take place in the nucleolus, a specialized subcompartment of the nucleus. All available data indicate that the major steps in ribosome synthesis are conserved throughout eukaryotes. Due. to the use of molecular genetic techniques, far more functional information is available on ribosome synthesis in yeast than in other eukaryotes. This review will therefore concentrate on these data, but there is every reason to think that the conclusions are of general relevance.