Lipid characteristics and phenolics of native grape seed oils grown in Turkey

Grape seed oils of seven native Turkish cultivars (namely Atfi, Mazruna, Black Kerku, Zeyti, Verdani, Karfoki, and Kerku) were evaluated for their fatty acids, tocols, phytosterols as well as total phenolics and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values. Among the fatty acids, linoleic acid (18:26) was the most abundant (56.38-68.56%), followed by oleic acid (16.45-29.38%, 18:19), palmitic acid (8.19-9.44%, 16:0), and stearic acid (3.74-4.98%, 18:0). Total tocopherols and tocotrienol amounts varied in the range of 102.30-305.43 and 251.47-468.22mg/kg, respectively. Beta-sitosterol was the most abundant sterol among grape cultivars whose concentration ranging from 64.19 to 71.62%. Total phenolic content ranged from 2.19 to 4.70mg of gallic acid equivalents/100g oil, being lowest in Zeyti and highest in Verdani. With respect to antioxidant activities, a large variation in ORAC values was observed among grape seed oils (ranging from 1048 mu mol of Trolox equivalents (TE)/100g in Karfoki to 2569 mu mol of TE/100g in Mazruna). Practical applications: The crude grape seed oils extracted from different cultivars are a good source of nutrients, fat-soluble bioactives, and health-promoting components.