Exploring the role of motivational interviewing in adolescent patient-provider communication about type 1 diabetes

Objective Adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) frequently experience deterioration in glycemic control. Providers have unique opportunities to address diabetes self-management, yet little is known about the most effective way to communicate with adolescents. This investigation used a motivational interviewing (MI) framework to characterize naturally-occurring adolescent patient-provider communication in medical encounters and examined relations between adolescent patient-provider communication and (a) T1D self-management and (b) glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]). Methods Medical encounters between pediatric endocrine providers and 55 adolescents with T1D (49% female; M age = 14.8 years; M baseline HbA1c = 8.6%) were audio recorded and coded using standardized rating instruments. Patients and parents completed measures assessing T1D care behaviors and self-efficacy. Assessments were completed at routine endocrinology visits (baseline) and 1 and 3-month post-baseline; HbA1c was obtained from medical records at baseline and 3-month. Results Hierarchical multiple regressions showed that greater provider use of MI non-adherent behaviors (eg, confronting, persuading) was associated with (a) poorer 3-month HbA1c, P < 0.001; (b) worse 1-month adolescent diabetes adherence P < 0.001, and (c) lower diabetes self-efficacy at 1-month (P < 0.001) follow-up. Lower patient self-efficacy for diabetes self-management mediated the relation between provider use of MI non-adherent language and lower diabetes adherence (P = 0.020). Conclusion Providers' use of persuasion and confrontation regarding risks of non-adherence was associated with poorer glycemic control and adherence. Communication training for providers that targets reductions in MI-inconsistent language may have the potential to improve diabetes self-care in this vulnerable population.