Uptake of 13C-tracer arachidonate and γ-linolenate by the brain and liver of the suckling rat observed using 13C-NMR

Arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n-6) is one of the principal components of the phosphoglycerides in neural cell membranes. During the critical period of postnatal development in mammals, AA is supplied preformed, directly from the milk or derived from precursor fatty acids such as gamma-linolenic acid (GLA; 18:3n-6). In this study, C-13-NMR spectroscopy was applied to investigate the incorporation of [1-C-13]AA and [3-C-13]GLA into liver and brain lipids of 7-15-day-old rats. The main objective was to establish the importance of dietary GLA for tissue AA accretion relative to the contribution from preformed dietary AA. [1-C-13]AA and [3-13C]GLA were injected into the stomach of -/-day-old rats as a mixture. C-13-NMR spectroscopy of lipid extracts revealed incorporation of [1-C-13]AA and [5-C-13]AA (the latter derived from metabolism of the injected [3-C-13]GLA) into phosphoglycerides and triacylglycerols. Preformed AA was 10 (liver)-17 (brain) times more efficient in contributing to tissue AA than AA derived from precursor GLA. In separate experiments, NMR spectroscopy was used to assess uptake of [1-C-13]AA directly in living rats and intact organs. Results showed that intact liver and brain contain an appreciable amount of NMR-detectable lipids. The in vivo/in vitro information obtained from organs provided details on the mobility and turnover of tissue lipids.