Geochemical and mineralogical indicators for aqueous processes in the Columbia Hills of Gusev crater, Mars -: art. no. E02S12

被引:225
作者
Ming, DW
Mittlefehldt, DW
Morris, RV
Golden, DC
Gellert, R
Yen, A
Clark, BC
Squyres, SW
Farrand, WH
Ruff, SW
Arvidson, RE
Klingelhöfer, G
McSween, HY
Rodionov, DS
Schröder, C
de Souza, PA
Wang, A
机构
[1] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA
[2] ESCG, Jacobs Sverdrup, Houston, TX 77058 USA
[3] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Inorgan & Analyt Chem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
[4] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
[5] Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
[6] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
[7] Lockheed Martin Corp, Littleton, CO 80127 USA
[8] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
[9] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA
[10] Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
[11] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
[12] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
[13] IKI, Space Res Inst, Moscow, Russia
关键词
D O I
10.1029/2005JE002560
中图分类号
P3 [地球物理学]; P59 [地球化学];
学科分类号
0708 ; 070902 ;
摘要
[1] Water played a major role in the formation and alteration of rocks and soils in the Columbia Hills. The extent of alteration ranges from moderate to extensive. Five distinct rock compositional classes were identified; the order for degree of alteration is Watchtower congruent to Clovis > Wishstone congruent to Peace > Backstay. The rover's wheels uncovered one unusual soil (Paso Robles) that is the most S-rich material encountered. Clovis class rocks have compositions similar to Gusev plains soil but with higher Mg, Cl, and Br and lower Ca and Zn; Watchtower and Wishstone classes have high Al, Ti, and P and low Cr and Ni; Peace has high Mg and S and low Al, Na, and K; Backstay basalts have high Na and K compared to plains Adirondack basalts; and Paso Robles soil has high S and P. Some rocks are corundum-normative, indicating that their primary compositions were changed by loss and/or gain of rock-forming elements. Clovis materials consist of magnetite, nanophase ferric-oxides (npOx), hematite, goethite, Ca-phosphates, Ca- and Mg-sulfates, pyroxene, and secondary aluminosilicates. Wishstone and Watchtower rocks consist of Fe-oxides/oxyhydroxides, ilmenite, Ca- phosphate, pyroxene, feldspar, Mg-sulfates, and secondary aluminosilicates. Peace consists of magnetite, npOx, Mg- and Ca- sulfates, pyroxene, olivine, feldspar, apatite, halides, and secondary aluminosilicates. Paso Robles consists of Fe3+-, Mg-, Ca-, and other sulfates, Ca- phosphates, hematite, halite, allophane, and amorphous silica. Columbia Hills outcrops and rocks may have formed by the aqueous alteration of basaltic rocks, volcaniclastic materials, and/or impact ejecta by solutions that were rich in acid-volatile elements.
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页数:23
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