Overview of the Spirit Mars Exploration Rover Mission to Gusev Crater:: Landing site to Backstay Rock in the Columbia Hills -: art. no. E02S01

被引:165
作者
Arvidson, RE
Squyres, SW
Anderson, RC
Bell, JF
Blaney, D
Brückner, J
Cabrol, NA
Calvin, WM
Carr, MH
Christensen, PR
Clark, BC
Crumpler, L
Des Marais, DJ
de Souza, PA
d'Uston, C
Economou, T
Farmer, J
Farrand, WH
Folkner, W
Golombek, M
Gorevan, S
Grant, JA
Greeley, R
Grotzinger, J
Guinness, E
Hahn, BC
Haskin, L
Herkenhoff, KE
Hurowitz, JA
Hviid, S
Johnson, JR
Klingelhöfer, G
Knoll, AH
Landis, G
Leff, C
Lemmon, M
Li, R
Madsen, MB
Malin, MC
McLennan, SM
McSween, HY
Ming, DW
Moersch, J
Morris, RV
Parker, T
Rice, JW
Richter, L
Rieder, R
Rodionov, DS
Schröder, C
机构
[1] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
[2] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
[3] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
[4] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany
[5] NASA, Ames SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA
[6] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA
[7] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA
[8] Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
[9] Lockheed Martin Corp, Littleton, CO 80127 USA
[10] New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA
[11] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA
[12] Companhia Vale Rio Doce, BR-20030900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
[13] Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse, France
[14] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
[15] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA
[16] Honeybee Robot, New York, NY 10012 USA
[17] Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA
[18] Massachusetts Inst Technol Earth Atmosphere & Pla, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
[19] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
[20] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA
[21] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany
[22] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
[23] Harvard Univ, Bot Museum, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
[24] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA
[25] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA
[26] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
[27] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
[28] Malin Space Sci Syst, San Diego, CA 92191 USA
[29] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
[30] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA
[31] DLR Inst Space Simulat, Cologne, Germany
[32] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
[33] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
[34] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
[35] Space Sci Inst, Martinez, GA USA
关键词
D O I
10.1029/2005JE002499
中图分类号
P3 [地球物理学]; P59 [地球化学];
学科分类号
0708 ; 070902 ;
摘要
Spirit landed on the floor of Gusev Crater and conducted initial operations on soil-covered, rock-strewn cratered plains underlain by olivine-bearing basalts. Plains surface rocks are covered by wind-blown dust and show evidence for surface enrichment of soluble species as vein and void-filling materials and coatings. The surface enrichment is the result of a minor amount of transport and deposition by aqueous processes. Layered granular deposits were discovered in the Columbia Hills, with outcrops that tend to dip conformably with the topography. The granular rocks are interpreted to be volcanic ash and/or impact ejecta deposits that have been modified by aqueous fluids during and/or after emplacement. Soils consist of basaltic deposits that are weakly cohesive, relatively poorly sorted, and covered by a veneer of wind-blown dust. The soils have been homogenized by wind transport over at least the several kilometer length scale traversed by the rover. Mobilization of soluble species has occurred within at least two soil deposits examined. The presence of monolayers of coarse sand on wind-blown bedforms, together with even spacing of granule-sized surface clasts, suggests that some of the soil surfaces encountered by Spirit have not been modified by wind for some time. On the other hand, dust deposits on the surface and rover deck have changed during the course of the mission. Detection of dust devils, monitoring of the dust opacity and lower boundary layer, and coordinated experiments with orbiters provided new insights into atmosphere-surface dynamics.
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