Cerebrovascular complications and neurodevelopmental sequelae of neonatal ECMO

The neurologic complications and neurodevelopmental sequelae of neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are discussed. The laboratory and clinical studies that may be of prognostic significance in term of near-term neonates treated with venoarterial ECMO are reviewed. Pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with cardiorespiratory failure and its treatment before and during ECMO that may contribute to an adverse outcome are reviewed. The potential advantages of venovenous compared with venoarterial ECMO are considered, and the need for further research is emphasized.