Comparative studies on homocysteine and its metabolite-homocysteine thiolactone action in blood platelets in vitro

Homocysteine (Hcy), an intermediate formed during the catabolism of the essential dietary amino acid methionine, and its cyclic thioester, homocysteine thiolactone (TL) formed from Hcy in plasma, may be implicated in pathological haemostasis and atherosclerosis. The mechanism by which TL exerts the prothrombotic effect and influences blood platelets remains unclear. Activation of blood platelets plays an important role in prothrombotic events. The aim of our study was to establish and compare the influence of a reduced form of homocysteine (at final doses of 10-100 M) and its cyclic thioester, homocysteine thiolactone (0.1-1 M), on platelet activation induced by thrombin (platelet aggregation), on platelet protein modifications (determined by parameters such as level of protein carbonyl groups, 3-nitrotyrosine residues in proteins) and on superoxide anion radicals ([image omitted]) generation using the model system in vitro. We have observed that TL, like its precursor, Hcy, stimulates the generation of [image omitted] in platelets and causes an augmentation of platelet aggregation induced by thrombin. Our present results in vitro also demonstrate that Hcy (10-100 M) and TL at lower doses than Hcy (0.1-1 M) cause modification of platelet proteins: diminished formation of carbonyl groups and distinctly decreased tyrosine nitration in platelet proteins after thrombin stimulation, but increased platelet aggregation induced by thrombin. TL like Hcy (at concentrations corresponding to concentrations in blood during hyperhomocysteinemia) modifies platelet responses to an important physiological agonist-thrombin.