In vitro anti-HIV activity of oleanolic acid on infected human mononuclear cells

Oleanolic acid is a triterpenoid which is quite common in nature in the form either of free acid or in triterpenoid saponin glycosides. This study describes the effect of oleanolic acid on the growth of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) in cultures of human peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) and of monocyte/macrophages (M/M). Its inhibitory activity was also evaluated on PBMC obtained from HIV-1 infected patients. Results obtained show that oleanolic acid inhibits the HIV-1 replication in all the cellular systems used (EC50 values: 22.7 muM, 24.6 muM and 57.4 muM for in vitro infected PBMC, naturally infected PBMC and M/M, respectively). As regards the mechanism of action, oleanolic acid inhibits in vitro the HIV-1 protease activity.