The Mt Logan Holocene-late Wisconsinan isotope record: Tropical Pacific-Yukon connections

The ice core recovered from Prospector Russell Col on Mt Logan (5.4 km a.s.l.), in the Yukon spans over 20 000 years. This unique record offers a Pacific view of the stable isotope and chemical record from the Lateglacial to the present. The timescale is based on seasonal counted years, the largest known volcanic acid signatures and the major shift in stable isotopes and chemistry at the end of the Younger Dryas. There are large and sustained changes in the stable isotopic record that are anti-correlated with marine and continental chemistry series. The oxygen-18 in this area is not a proxy for palaeotemperature but rather for source region. The last major isotope shift in AD 1840 in delta(O-18) and chemistry is compared with the Quinn's ENSO record. During periods of more frequent La Nina (stronger tropical easterlies) there is more zonal flow of water vapour transport to the Pacific Northwest, delta(O-18) values are larger and the deuterium excess d smaller. These periods coincide with periods of lower accumulation/precipitation in southern Yukon. The Holocene delta(O-18) record indicates many large shifts between the meridional (strong El Nino) and zonal (La Nina). Comparison of the Logan isotopic record and the moisture/temperature-sensitive time series of peat bog inception dates for the Northwest shows a strong correlation (0.36) that points to high accumulation rates coincident with low delta(O-18) and enhanced meridional flow. Major changes in the core at 4200 BP and 7000-8000 BP point to enhanced meridional flow, which coincide with big changes in the Pacific palaeorecords of the balance between El Nino and La Nina. 4200 BP seems to have inaugurated the 'modern' ENSO world.