Interface dipole and effective work function of Re in Re/HfO2/SiOx/n-Si gate stack - art. no. 072907

Fermi level pinning at the Re/HfO2 interface and its contribution to the Re interface work function in the Re/HfO2/SiOx/n-Si stack were investigated using x-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy in conjunction with capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. Photoemission results showed that the Fermi level was partially pinned at the Re/HfO2 interface, resulting in a 0.5 eV interface dipole and 5.0 eV interface work function between Re and HfO2. In contrast, C-V measurement of the Re/HfO2/SiOx/n-Si stack showed a 4.7-4.8 eV interface work function. The difference in Re interface work functions is discussed in terms of contributions of additional interface dipoles in the stack.