Priming Intelligent Behavior: An Elusive Phenomenon

被引：156

作者：

Shanks, David R. ^{[1
]}

Newell, Ben R. ^{[2
]}

Lee, Eun Hee ^{[1
]}

Balakrishnan, Divya ^{[1
]}

Ekelund, Lisa ^{[1
]}

Cenac, Zarus ^{[1
]}

Kavvadia, Fragkiski ^{[1
]}

Moore, Christopher ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] UCL, Div Psychol & Language Sci, London, England

[2] Univ New S Wales, Sch Psychol, Sydney, NSW, Australia

来源：

PLOS ONE | 2013年 / 8卷 / 04期

基金：

英国经济与社会研究理事会; 澳大利亚研究理事会;

关键词：

STEREOTYPE ACTIVATION; TEST-PERFORMANCE; SELF; PSYCHOLOGY; ASSIMILATION; PERCEPTION; CONTRAST; OTHERS; THREAT; TESTS;

D O I：

10.1371/journal.pone.0056515

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Can behavior be unconsciously primed via the activation of attitudes, stereotypes, or other concepts? A number of studies have suggested that such priming effects can occur, and a prominent illustration is the claim that individuals' accuracy in answering general knowledge questions can be influenced by activating intelligence-related concepts such as professor or soccer hooligan. In 9 experiments with 475 participants we employed the procedures used in these studies, as well as a number of variants of those procedures, in an attempt to obtain this intelligence priming effect. None of the experiments obtained the effect, although financial incentives did boost performance. A Bayesian analysis reveals considerable evidential support for the null hypothesis. The results conform to the pattern typically obtained in word priming experiments in which priming is very narrow in its generalization and unconscious (subliminal) influences, if they occur at all, are extremely short-lived. We encourage others to explore the circumstances in which this phenomenon might be obtained.

引用

页数：10

共 53 条

[1]

[Anonymous], NO EFFECT INTELLIGEN

[2]

[Anonymous], BEHAV BRAIN IN PRESS

[3] The (mis)reporting of statistical results in psychology journals [J].