Environmental and heritable causes of cancer among 9.6 million individuals in the Swedish family-cancer database

被引:397
作者
Czene, K [1 ]
Lichtenstein, P
Hemminki, K
机构
[1] Karolinska Inst, Novum, Dept Biosci, S-14157 Huddinge, Sweden
[2] Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol, S-14157 Huddinge, Sweden
关键词
familial cancer; liability; heredity; cancer modeling; genetic epidemiology; Sweden;
D O I
10.1002/ijc.10332
中图分类号
R73 [肿瘤学];
学科分类号
100214 ;
摘要
The genetic and environmental components in 15 common cancers were estimated using the nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database. Tetrachoric correlations were used to describe similarity in cancer liability among family members. Structural equation modeling was used to derive estimates of the importance of genetic and environmental effects. Statistically significant estimates of proportion of cancer susceptibility, accounted for by genetic effects, were obtained for all studied cancers except for leukemia. The estimate was highest in thyroid cancer (53%), followed by tumors at endocrine glands (28%), testis (25%), breast (25%), cervix (22%), melanoma (21%), colon (13%), nervous system (12%), rectum (12%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (10%), lung (8%), kidney (8%), urinary bladder (7%), stomach (1%) and leukemia (1%). The estimates of shared environmental effects ranged from 0% (cervix) to 15% (stomach). The childhood shared environmental effects were most Important in testicular cancer (17%), stomach cancer (13%) and cervix in situ (13%). Our results indicate that environment has a principal causative role in cancer at all studied sites except for thyroid. The relatively large effect of heritability in cancer at some sites, on the other hand, indicates that even though susceptibility genes have been described at many cancer sites, they are likely to explain only part of the genetic effects. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
引用
收藏
页码:260 / 266
页数:7
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