Continental-Scale Effects of Nutrient Pollution on Stream Ecosystem Functioning

被引：506

作者：

Woodward, Guy ^{[1
,2
]}

Gessner, Mark O. ^{[3
,4
,5
,6
]}

Giller, Paul S. ^{[1
]}

Gulis, Vladislav ^{[7
,8
]}

Hladyz, Sally ^{[1
]}

Lecerf, Antoine ^{[9
,10
]}

Malmqvist, Bjorn ^{[11
]}

McKie, Brendan G. ^{[11
]}

Tiegs, Scott D. ^{[3
,4
,12
]}

Cariss, Helen ^{[13
]}

Dobson, Mike ^{[13
]}

Elosegi, Arturo ^{[14
]}

Ferreira, Veronica ^{[7
,8
]}

Graca, Manuel A. S. ^{[7
,8
]}

Fleituch, Tadeusz ^{[15
]}

Lacoursiere, Jean O. ^{[16
]}

Nistorescu, Marius ^{[17
]}

Pozo, Jesus ^{[14
]}

Risnoveanu, Geta ^{[17
]}

Schindler, Markus ^{[3
,4
]}

Vadineanu, Angheluta ^{[17
]}

Vought, Lena B. -M. ^{[16
]}

Chauvet, Eric ^{[9
,10
]}

机构：

[1] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Zool Ecol & Plant Sci, Enterprise Ctr, Distillery Fields, Cork, Ireland

[2] Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, London E1 4NS, England

[3] Eawag Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Dept Aquat Ecol, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland

[4] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Integrat Biol IBZ, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland

[5] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries I, D-16775 Stechlin, Germany

[6] Berlin Inst Technol TU Berlin, Dept Ecol, D-10587 Berlin, Germany

[7] Univ Coimbra, Dept Life Sci, P-3001401 Coimbra, Portugal

[8] Univ Coimbra, Inst Marine Res IMAR, P-3001401 Coimbra, Portugal

[9] Univ Toulouse, INP, UPS, Lab Ecol Fonct & Environm EcoLab, F-31062 Toulouse, France

[10] CNRS, EcoLab, F-31062 Toulouse, France

[11] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, S-90187 Umea, Sweden

[12] Oakland Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Rochester, MI 48309 USA

[13] Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Dept Environm & Geog Sci, Manchester M15 6BH, Lancs, England

[14] Univ Basque Country, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Plant Biol & Ecol, Bilbao 48080, Spain

[15] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Nat Conservat, PL-31120 Krakow, Poland

[16] Kristianstad Univ, Sch Educ & Environm, S-29188 Kristianstad, Sweden

[17] Univ Bucharest, Dept Syst Ecol & Sustainabil, Bucharest 050095, Romania

来源：

SCIENCE | 2012年 / 336卷 / 6087期

关键词：

LITTER DECOMPOSITION; LEAF BREAKDOWN; RIVER; DYNAMICS; DETRITUS; INDICATORS; LANDSCAPE;

D O I：

10.1126/science.1219534

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Excessive nutrient loading is a major threat to aquatic ecosystems worldwide that leads to profound changes in aquatic biodiversity and biogeochemical processes. Systematic quantitative assessment of functional ecosystem measures for river networks is, however, lacking, especially at continental scales. Here, we narrow this gap by means of a pan-European field experiment on a fundamental ecosystem process-leaf-litter breakdown-in 100 streams across a greater than 1000-fold nutrient gradient. Dramatically slowed breakdown at both extremes of the gradient indicated strong nutrient limitation in unaffected systems, potential for strong stimulation in moderately altered systems, and inhibition in highly polluted streams. This large-scale response pattern emphasizes the need to complement established structural approaches (such as water chemistry, hydrogeomorphology, and biological diversity metrics) with functional measures (such as litter-breakdown rate, whole-system metabolism, and nutrient spiraling) for assessing ecosystem health.

引用

页码：1438 / 1440

页数：4