Streptocephalus caljoni n. sp. from Burundi is described. It is related to Streptocephalus trifidus, but differs from it and other Streptocephalus in the cheliform hand of the male antenna II. We also analyse the morphology of the setae on the endo- and exopodite of the fifth trunk limb, using light- and scanning electron microscopy. This analysis reveals additional differences between the two related species, and is a useful tool in the study of the taxonomy of the Anostraca.