Mechanisms initiating deep convection over complex terrain during COPS

被引:86
作者
Kottmeier, Christoph [1 ]
Kalthoff, Norbert [2 ]
Barthlott, Christian [1 ]
Corsmeier, Ulrich [1 ]
Van Baelen, Joel [2 ]
Behrendt, Andreas [3 ]
Behrendt, Rainer [4 ]
Blyth, Alan [5 ]
Coulter, Richard [6 ]
Crewell, Susanne [7 ]
Di Girolamo, Paolo [8 ]
Dorninger, Manfred [9 ]
Flamant, Cyrille [10 ]
Foken, Thomas [11 ]
Hagen, Martin [12 ]
Hauck, Christian [1 ]
Hoeller, Hartmut [12 ]
Konow, Heike [1 ]
Kunz, Michael [1 ]
Mahlke, Holger [1 ]
Mobbs, Stephen [5 ]
Richard, Evelyne [13 ,14 ]
Steinacker, Reinhold
Weckwerth, Tammy [15 ]
Wieser, Andreas [1 ]
Wulfmeyer, Volker [3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Karlsruhe, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, KIT, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
[2] UBP CNRS, Observ Phys Globe Clermont Ferrand, Lab Meteorol Phys, Clermont Ferrand, France
[3] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Phys & Meteorol, Hohenheim, Germany
[4] Hessischer Rundfunk, Frankfurt, Germany
[5] Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England
[6] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
[7] Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, D-5000 Cologne, Germany
[8] Univ Basilicata, Dipartimento Ingn & Fis Ambiente, I-85100 Potenza, Italy
[9] Univ Vienna, Dept Meteorol & Geophys, Vienna, Austria
[10] Univ Paris 06, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Serv Aeron, Paris, France
[11] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Micrometeorol, Bayreuth, Germany
[12] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
[13] CNRS, Lab Aerol, F-75700 Paris, France
[14] Univ Toulouse, Toulouse, France
[15] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA
基金
英国自然环境研究理事会; 奥地利科学基金会;
关键词
D O I
10.1127/0941-2948/2008/0348
中图分类号
P4 [大气科学(气象学)];
学科分类号
0706 ; 070601 ;
摘要
Precipitating convection in a mountain region of moderate topography is investigated, with particular emphasis on its initiation in response to boundary-layer and mid- and upper-tropospheric forcing mechanisms. The data used in the study are from COPS (Convective and Orographically-induced Precipitation Study) that took place in southwestern Germany and eastern France in the summer of 2007. It is found that the initiation of precipitating convection can be roughly classified as being due to either: (i) surface heating and low-level flow convergence; (ii) surface heating and moisture supply overcoming convective inhibition during latent and/or potential instability; or (iii) mid-tropospheric dynamical processes due to mesoscale convergence lines and forced mean vertical motion. These phenomena have to be adequately represented in models in order to improve quantitative precipitation forecast. Selected COPS cases are analysed and classified into these initiation categories. Although only a subset of COPS data (mainly radiosondes, surface weather stations, radar and satellite data) are used here, it is shown that convective systems are captured in considerable detail by sensor synergy. Convergence lines were observed by Doppler radar in the location where deep convection is triggered several hours later. The results suggest that in many situations, observations of the location and timing of convergence lines will facilitate the nowcasting of convection. Further on, forecasting of the initiation of convection is significantly complicated if advection of potentially convective air masses over changing terrain features plays a major role. The passage of a frontal structure over the Vosges - Rhine valley - Black Forest orography was accompanied by an intermediate suppression of convection over the wide Rhine valley. Further downstream, an intensification of convection was observed over the Black Forest due to differential surface heating, a convergence line, and the flow generated by a gust front.
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收藏
页码:931 / 948
页数:18
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