Detection of small forest fires by lidar

The possibility of detecting small forest fires with the help of a simple and cheap lidar operating at 0.532-mum wavelength up to distances of about 6.5 km is demonstrated. The values of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) achieved in the experiments are consistent with theoretical estimations obtained by computational modeling of the lidar detection process, including simulation of the smooke-plume shape and of the laser beam-plume interaction. This model was used to assess the potential of the lidar technique for fire surveillance in large forest areas. In particular, the upper limiting range for effective detection (SNR>5) of small localized fires in dry- and clear-weather conditions is estimated at 7-15 km depending on operation mode, burning rate, and observation geometry.