RETRACTED: A critical review of internal wave dynamics. Part 2-Laboratory experiments and theoretical physics (Retracted Article)

Researchers who study in-situ internal waves like to obtain first hand knowledge and data about the natural phenomenon from the ocean and river estuaries. However, it is difficult to obtain information from in-situ data. Scientists examine well-defined factors such as the topography, angular magnitude of slope and wave energy and the relationship between such factors. Aside from collecting in-situ data, researchers design water tank systems that imitate the real ocean environment where they can carry out sensitive investigations. In recent decades, such laboratory experiments have made a significant contribution to the exploration of the following: the variation of incident wave frequency with rotational effects, the quantification of the degree of internal wave reflection, as well as vortex formation and evolution on the lee side. Experimental studies have helped understand the movement of a natural internal wave in the ocean, and the mechanisms of wave generation, propagation, circulation, dissipation, evolution etc. We review the latest work related to laboratory experiments and the theoretical kinematics needed for a better understanding of a natural internal solitary wave. Finally, we summarize the characteristics of the governing equations and related experimental information for advanced connection in further study.