Radiative forcing of the direct aerosol effect from AeroCom Phase II simulations

被引：686

作者：

Myhre, G. ^{[1
]}

Samset, B. H. ^{[1
]}

Schulz, M. ^{[2
]}

Balkanski, Y. ^{[3
]}

Bauer, S. ^{[4
,5
]}

Berntsen, T. K. ^{[1
]}

Bian, H. ^{[6
]}

Bellouin, N. ^{[7
]}

Chin, M. ^{[8
]}

Diehl, T. ^{[8
,9
]}

Easter, R. C. ^{[10
]}

Feichter, J. ^{[11
]}

Ghan, S. J. ^{[10
]}

Hauglustaine, D. ^{[3
]}

Iversen, T. ^{[2
,12
]}

Kinne, S. ^{[11
]}

Kirkevag, A. ^{[2
]}

Lamarque, J. -F. ^{[13
]}

Lin, G. ^{[14
]}

Liu, X. ^{[9
]}

Lund, M. T. ^{[1
]}

Luo, G. ^{[15
]}

Ma, X. ^{[15
]}

van Noije, T. ^{[16
]}

Penner, J. E. ^{[14
]}

Rasch, P. J. ^{[10
]}

Ruiz, A. ^{[16
,17
]}

Seland, O. ^{[2
]}

Skeie, R. B. ^{[1
]}

Stier, P. ^{[18
]}

Takemura, T. ^{[19
]}

Tsigaridis, K. ^{[5
]}

Wang, P. ^{[16
]}

Wang, Z. ^{[20
]}

Xu, L. ^{[14
,21
]}

Yu, H. ^{[6
]}

Yu, F. ^{[15
]}

Yoon, J. -H. ^{[10
]}

Zhang, K. ^{[10
,11
]}

Zhang, H. ^{[22
]}

Zhou, C. ^{[14
]}

机构：

[1] CICERO, Oslo, Norway

[2] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway

[3] CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France

[4] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA

[5] Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY USA

[6] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[7] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England

[8] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[9] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA

[10] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA

[11] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany

[12] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway

[13] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, NCAR Earth Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA

[14] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA

[15] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA

[16] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands

[17] Univ Zaragoza, CSIC, LIFTEC, Zaragoza, Spain

[18] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England

[19] Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan

[20] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China

[21] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA

[22] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Lab Climate Studies, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China

来源：

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS | 2013年 / 13卷 / 04期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

ENERGY SYSTEM CERES; ORGANIC AEROSOL; GLOBAL-MODEL; ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; DUST AEROSOLS; MIXING STATE; SAFARI; 2000; SATELLITE;

D O I：

10.5194/acp-13-1853-2013

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

We report on the AeroCom Phase II direct aerosol effect (DAE) experiment where 16 detailed global aerosol models have been used to simulate the changes in the aerosol distribution over the industrial era. All 16 models have estimated the radiative forcing (RF) of the anthropogenic DAE, and have taken into account anthropogenic sulphate, black carbon (BC) and organic aerosols (OA) from fossil fuel, biofuel, and biomass burning emissions. In addition several models have simulated the DAE of anthropogenic nitrate and anthropogenic influenced secondary organic aerosols (SOA). The model simulated all-sky RF of the DAE from total anthropogenic aerosols has a range from -0.58 to -0.02 Wm(-2), with a mean of -0.27 Wm(-2) for the 16 models. Several models did not include nitrate or SOA and modifying the estimate by accounting for this with information from the other AeroCom models reduces the range and slightly strengthens the mean. Modifying the model estimates for missing aerosol components and for the time period 1750 to 2010 results in a mean RF for the DAE of -0.35 Wm(-2). Compared to AeroCom Phase I (Schulz et al., 2006) we find very similar spreads in both total DAE and aerosol component RF. However, the RF of the total DAE is stronger negative and RF from BC from fossil fuel and biofuel emissions are stronger positive in the present study than in the previous AeroCom study. We find a tendency for models having a strong (positive) BC RF to also have strong (negative) sulphate or OA RF. This relationship leads to smaller uncertainty in the total RF of the DAE compared to the RF of the sum of the individual aerosol components. The spread in results for the individual aerosol components is substantial, and can be divided into diversities in burden, mass extinction coefficient (MEC), and normalized RF with respect to AOD. We find that these three factors give similar contributions to the spread in results.

引用

页码：1853 / 1877

页数：25

共 98 条

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