Mixing and transport in urban areas

被引:148
作者
Belcher, SE [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England
来源
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES | 2005年 / 363卷 / 1837期
基金
英国工程与自然科学研究理事会;
关键词
fluid dynamics; atmospheric dispersion; urban areas;
D O I
10.1098/rsta.2005.1673
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Concern over terrorist releases of harmful material has generated interest in short-range air-borne dispersion in urban areas. Here, we review the important fluid dynamical processes that control dispersion in the first kilometre, the neighbourhood scale, when much of the material remains within the urban canopy. Dispersion is then controlled by turbulent mixing and mean flow transport through the network of streets. We consider mixing and transport in a long straight street, street intersections and then a network of streets connected by intersections. The mixing and transport in these systems are illustrated with results from recent fine-resolution numerical simulations and laboratory models, which then inform simpler scaling estimates and modelling schemes. Finally, we make some tentative steps to pull the process studies together to begin to understand results from full-scale observations. In particular, it is shown that the positions of 'shear layers' and 'dividing streamlines' largely control the patterns of mixing and transport. It is also shown that neighbourhood-scale dispersion follows one scaling in the near field and another in the far field after passage through many intersections. The challenge for the future is to bring these threads together into a coherent mathematical model.
引用
收藏
页码:2947 / 2968
页数:22
相关论文
共 54 条
[1]  
[Anonymous], ASHRAE T
[2]  
Arya S.P., 1999, AIR POLLUTION METEOR
[3]   Scalar fluxes from urban street canyons. Part I: Laboratory simulation [J].
Janet F. Barlow ;
Ian N. Harman ;
Stephen E. Belcher .
Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 2004, 113 (3) :369-385
[4]   A wind tunnel model for quantifying fluxes in the urban boundary layer [J].
Barlow, JF ;
Belcher, SE .
BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY, 2002, 104 (01) :131-150
[5]   Turbulent flow over hills and waves [J].
Belcher, SE ;
Hunt, JCR .
ANNUAL REVIEW OF FLUID MECHANICS, 1998, 30 :507-538
[6]   Adjustment of a turbulent boundary layer to a canopy of roughness elements [J].
Belcher, SE ;
Jerram, N ;
Hunt, JCR .
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS, 2003, 488 :369-398
[7]   Spatially averaged flow within obstacle arrays [J].
Bentham, T ;
Britter, R .
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, 2003, 37 (15) :2037-2043
[8]   OSPM - A parameterised street pollution model [J].
Berkowicz, R .
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT, 2000, 65 (1-2) :323-331
[9]   The spatial variability in concentrations of a traffic-related pollutant in two street canyons in York, UK - Part I: The influence of background winds [J].
Boddy, JWD ;
Smalley, RJ ;
Dixon, NS ;
Tate, JE ;
Tomlin, AS .
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, 2005, 39 (17) :3147-3161
[10]  
Britter RE, 2002, URBAN AIR QUALITY - RECENT ADVANCES, PROCEEDINGS, P79