An observational determination of the bolometric quasar luminosity function

被引:909
作者
Hopkins, Philip F.
Richards, Gordon T.
Hernquist, Lars
机构
[1] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
[2] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
关键词
cosmology : observations; galaxies : active; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : luminosity function; mass function; infrared : galaxies; quasars : general; ultraviolet : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; HARD X-RAY; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASARS; LY-ALPHA FOREST; COSMOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; SPACE DENSITY; Z-GREATER-THAN-5.7; QUASARS; SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY;
D O I
10.1086/509629
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
We combine a large set of quasar luminosity function (QLF) measurements from the rest-frame optical, soft and hard X-ray, and near- and mid-IR bands to determine the bolometric QLF in the redshift interval z = 0-6. Accounting for the observed distributions of quasar column densities and variation of SED shapes, as well as their dependence on luminosity, makes it possible to integrate the observations in a reliable manner and provides a baseline in redshift and luminosity larger than that of any individual survey. We infer the QLF break luminosity and faint-end slope out to z similar to 4.5 and confirm at high significance (greater than or similar to 10 sigma) previous claims of a flattening in both the faint- and bright-end slopes with redshift. With the best-fit estimates of the column density distribution and quasar SED, which both depend on luminosity, a single bolometric QLF self-consistently reproduces the observed QLFs in all bands and at all redshifts for which we compile measurements. Ignoring this luminosity dependence does not yield a self-consistent bolometric QLF and there is no evidence for any additional dependence on redshift. We calculate the expected relic black hole mass function and mass density, cosmic X-ray background, and ionization rate as a function of redshift and find that they are consistent with existing measurements. The peak in the total quasar luminosity density is well constrained at z = 2.15 +/- 0.05. We provide a number of fitting functions to the bolometric QLF and its manifestations in various bands, as well as a script to return the QLF at arbitrary frequency and redshift from these fits.
引用
收藏
页码:731 / 753
页数:23
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